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1) & 2)
line 3B from hauptbahnhof to Uniklinik. It will take about half an hour.
change line 33 from Uniklinik to Vaals, it will take about five minutes.
Or you can walk from Uniklinik directly to 'Dreipunkt', wiht a map, of course. It's about half an hour's walk.
For buses, you may need more time to wait. There's only one bus every half an hour for line 33, and every 15 min for line 3B on Sat. and every 30 min for line 3B on Sun.
3) Yes, the bus tickets are included.
More information can be found here
http://www.aseag.de/
choose Fahrplanauskunft to check bus timetable